Configurations, Dynamics and Mechanisms of Multilevel Governance

Preface

Contents

Notes on Contributors

List of Figures

List of Tables

Chapter 1 Introduction: The Relevance of Studying Multilevel Governance

Why Another Book on Multilevel Governance?

Situating Multilevel Governance: Configurations, Dynamics, Mechanisms

Multilevel Governance: A Configuration

Multilevel Governance Dynamics

Explaining MLG Dynamics: Sources and Mechanisms

Multiple Perspectives of Multilevel Governance

Governance Beyond Typical State Actors

Multilevel Configurations and Actors

Between Efficiency and Legitimacy—MLG and Democracy

Dynamic Developments of Multilevel Configurations

References

Part I Government, Governance and the State—Varied Modes of Coordination in Policy-Making

Chapter 2 Transformation of the State and Multilevel Governance

Introduction

Unravelling the Concept of the State

Exploring State Transformation

Changing State-Society Relations

Changes in the Internal Structure of the State

Multilevel Governance and the Role of the State

References

Chapter 3 How Bureaucratic Networks Make Intergovernmental Relations Work: A Mechanism Perspective

Introduction

Bureaucratic Coordination Mechanisms

Setting the Scene: Intergovernmental Coordination in Germany

Bureaucratic Coordination Mechanisms in Practice—Evidence from the Interviews

Conclusion

References

Chapter 4 ‘Governance Fatigue’ and Public Mismanagement: The Case for Classic Bureaucracy and Public Values

Introduction

Autonomy, Integrity, and Leadership in Public Administration Classics

Responsible Leadership

Public Values Versus Pragmatism

Non-bureaucratic Governance as a Threat to Institutional Integrity—An Illustrative Case

Conclusion

References

Chapter 5 Cooperative Administration in Multilevel Governance Analysis: Incorporating Governance Mechanisms into the Concept

Introduction

Governance Mechanisms

Observation

Influence

Bargaining

Overcoming and Creating Deadlock: Evidence from Case Studies

First Type of Cases: Overcoming a Deadlock by Waiting for the Possibility of a Package Deal

Second Type of Cases: Overcoming a Deadlock by Producing an Object of Trade and Employing the Media to Exert Pressure

Third Type of Cases: Overcoming a Deadlock by Making Use of Arguing

Fourth Type of Cases: Making Use of the Institutional Setting and Referring to Arguing in Order to Produce a Stalemate

Conclusion

References

Part II Coping with Complexities: Governance in Multilevel Systems

Chapter 6 Policy-Making as a Source of Change in Federalism: A Dynamic Approach

Introduction

Policy and Politics Dimension

Basic Interests of Federal Actors

Federal Robustness Reconsidered

Governance Modes

Self-Rule

Arguing

Bargaining

Hierarchy

Final Remarks

References

Chapter 7 National Parliaments as Multi-Arena-Players: A New Deliberative Role Within the EU Multilevel System?

Introduction

National Parliaments as Multi-Arena-Players—A New Deliberative Role Within the EU Multilevel System?

An Emerging Parliamentary Public Space?

The Development of Inter-parliamentary Communication

Linking Inter-parliamentary Communication to the Citizens?

Conclusion

References

Chapter 8 Intermediary Levels of Governance in Multilevel Systems: Exploring the Second Tier of Local Government from the Assessment of Laymen Politicians

Introduction

The County Level Across Europe

Survey Outline, Data

How County Councillors Perceive Their County Within the Multilevel Arrangement

Conclusion

References

Chapter 9 Bridging the Gap Between the Local and the Global Scale? Taming the Wicked Problem of Climate Change Through Trans-Local Governance

Introduction

Climate Change as a (Super-) Wicked Problem of Local Policy

Trans-Local Governance of Climate Change Mitigation

Mechanisms of Trans-Local Governance

Empirical Evidence from Three German Major Cities

Conclusion

References

Chapter 10 Multilevel Coordination in EU Energy Policy: A New Type of “Harder” Soft Governance?

Introduction

European Energy Governance as a Difficult Context for Soft Governance

Multilevel Coordination in European Energy Governance

‘Horizontal Joint Decision-Making+’ in European Energy Governance

Conclusion

References

Chapter 11 Soft Law Implementation in the EU Multilevel System: Legitimacy and Governance Efficiency Revisited

Introduction

Studying EU Soft Law

Case Selection and Data

Empirics

Financial Market Regulation

Social Policy

Environmental Policy

Discussion

References

Part III Federalism and Democracy

Chapter 12 The Ambivalence of Federalism and Democracy: The Challenging Case of Authoritarianism—With Evidence from the Russian Case

Introduction: Is Federalism Conducive to Democracy?

‘Authoritarian Federalism’—An Oxymoron?

Inherent Tensions: How Do Authoritarianism and Federalism Interact?

Federalism, Defective Rule of Law and Informality

Federalism and Constraints of Plurality

Federalism and the Loyalty of Subnational Elites

Concluding Discussion

References

Chapter 13 Popular Federalism for a Compound Polity? The Federalism of the Antifederalists and Implications for Multilevel Governance

Introduction

The Democratic Federalism of the Antifederalists

The Contest for Occupying the “Federal” Position

Contesting and Transforming the Meaning of Federalism

The Parallel Transformation of the Concept of Republic

Discussion: A More Popular Federal Union?

References

Chapter 14 Multilevel Democracy: A Comparative Perspective

Introduction

The Core of Democratic Legitimacy: Politically Accountable Governors

Electoral Accountability: Forward and Backward-Looking

Unpredictability Is the Basis of Electoral Power

Democratic Accountability in Federal Democracies

Dual Federalism in the United States

Joint-Decision Federalism in Germany

Accountability and Responsiveness in the Multilevel European Polity

Legislation by the “Community Method”

EMU: Government in the Supranational-Intergovernmental Mode

Conclusion

References

Chapter 15 On Cross-Level Responsiveness in Multilevel Politics: A Comparison of Airport Expansions in Germany, Switzerland and the UK

Introduction

The Challenge of Aviation Infrastructure

Case Selection

Munich Airport (MUC)

Zurich Kloten (ZRH)

London Heathrow (LHR)

Comparison and Conclusion

References

Chapter 16 Demoi-cracy: A Useful Framework for Theorizing the Democratization of Multilevel Governance?

Introduction

The Challenge of Democratizing MLG

The Demoi-cratic Model(s)

Definition of Demoi

Accommodation vs. Politicization in Demoi-cracies

Four Ideal Types of Demoi-cracy—And How They Can Inform MLG

Conclusion

References

Chapter 17 Extending the Coupling Concept: Slack, Agency and Fields

Introduction

The Coupling Framework and Types of Coupling

On Coupling and Forms of Slack

Coupling Actors and Ambiguous Couplings

Ambiguous Couplings

Coupling and Shape-Shift Representation

On Couplings and Fields

Conclusion

References

Part IV Explaining Dynamics in Multilevel Systems

Chapter 18 The Evolution of Legislative Power-Sharing in the EU Multilevel System

Introduction

Legislative Power-Sharing in Multilevel Systems

The Evolution of EU Legislative Power-Sharing and Procedures

Findings

Consultation

Cooperation

Codecision II

Conclusion

References

Chapter 19 Hidden Power Shifts: Multilevel Governance and Interstitial Institutional Change in Europe

Introduction

Theoretical Argument: Changing Institutional Rules: A Rationalist, Power-Based Bargaining Explanation of Informal Institutional Change

Interstitial Institutional Change: The Emergence of Informal Institutions

The EP’s Strategies to Obtain Informal Institutional Changes

The Empirical Cases

Methodology

Case One: The Spitzenkandidaten Strategy

Case Two: The European Parliament’s Informal Voice in Appointing Individual Commissioners

Case Three: The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)

Conclusion

References

Chapter 20 Sub-Federal State-Building and the Origins of Federalism: A Comparison of Austria, Germany and Switzerland

Introduction

Within Path Variation: Constituent Units’ Autonomy and the Implementation of Federal Law

Sub-Federal State-Building in Austria and the Pre-1866 German Territories

Institutional Dilemmas of Federalization in Germany and Switzerland

Federalization by Original Compact Versus Federalization by Devolution

Conclusion

References

Chapter 21 Conclusion: Governing Under the Condition of Complexity

Introduction

The Challenge of Complexity

Varieties of Multilevel Governance

Division of Power and Pattern of Coordination

Governance and Democratic Governments: Connected Games and Coupling of Arenas

The Impact of Party Politics

Loose Coupling

Dynamics of Multilevel Governance

Democratic Multilevel Governance—An Oxymoron and a Guiding Principle?

References

Index