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Emerging Research in Science and Engineering Based on Advanced Experimental and Computational Strategies
Felipe de Almeida La Porta, Carlton A. Taft
Verlag Springer-Verlag, 2020
ISBN 9783030314033 , 528 Seiten
Format PDF, OL
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Emerging Research in Science and Engineering Based on Advanced Experimental and Computational Strategies
Preface
6
Contents
8
Strategies and Research with Advanced Engineering Materials
11
1 Plasmon Enhanced Hybrid Photovoltaics
12
Abstract
12
1 Metal Nanoparticles and Localized Surface Plasmons
13
2 Excitons in Semiconductor Nanocrystals
15
3 Fabrication Techniques of Metal NPs, Semiconductor NCs and Metal-Semiconductor Hybrids
18
3.1 Synthesis of Metal NPs
18
3.2 Synthesis of Semiconductor NCs
24
3.3 Synthesis of Metal-Semiconductor Hybrid Nanostructures
28
4 Structural, Electrical and Optical Characterization Techniques
39
5 Structural Methods
40
6 Electrical Measurement Tools
43
7 Optical Methods
47
8 Operational Mechanism and Design Principles in Plasmon Enhanced Photovoltaics
50
9 Concluding Remarks (Outlook and Perspective)
63
References
65
2 Photocatalytic and Photoluminescent Properties of TiO2 Nanocrystals Obtained by the Microwave Solvothermal Method
76
Abstract
76
1 Introduction
77
2 Materials and Methods
78
2.1 Synthesis of Photocatalysts
78
2.2 Photocatalytic Process
79
2.3 Adsorption Tests
79
2.3.1 Adsorption Isotherms
79
3 Results and Discussion
80
3.1 Characterization of Photocatalysts
80
3.2 Adsorption and Photocatalytic Tests
85
4 Conclusions
89
Acknowledgements
89
References
90
3 Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Adsorption of Quinoline: Theoretical and Experimental Studies
93
Abstract
93
1 Introduction
94
2 Materials and Methods
95
2.1 Chemicals
95
2.2 Apparatus
95
2.3 Preparation of ?-Fe2O3
96
2.4 Preparation of MMIP-EC and MMIP-EM
96
2.5 Adsorption Tests
96
2.6 Isotherm Adsorption
98
2.7 Kinetic Studies
99
2.8 Thermodynamic Parameters
100
2.9 Selectivity Tests for the Quinoline Adsorption
100
2.10 Recyclability Studies
101
2.11 Computational Details
101
3 Results and Discussion
101
3.1 Characterization
102
3.1.1 Thermogravimetric Analysis
102
3.1.2 Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM)
102
3.1.3 Surface Characterization
103
3.1.4 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)
105
3.2 Adsorption Tests
105
3.2.1 Kinetics Studies
106
3.2.2 Adsorption Isotherms
108
3.2.3 Thermodynamic Parameters
110
3.2.4 Selectivity Tests for the Quinoline Adsorption
110
3.2.5 Recyclability Studies
111
4 Conclusions
112
References
112
4 Insights into Novel Antimicrobial Based on Chitosan Nanoparticles: From a Computational and Experimental Perspective
115
Abstract
115
1 Introduction
116
2 Chitosan and the Importance of Computational Methods
117
3 Molecular Mechanics
118
3.1 Molecular Docking
118
3.2 Quantitative Analysis Between Chemical Structure and Biological Activity
119
3.3 Molecular Dynamics
120
4 Quantum Mechanics
121
4.1 Mechanical and Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM)
121
4.2 Density Functional Theory
122
5 In Silico Studies of Nanoparticles Based on Chitosan and Chitin Derivatives
122
6 Synthesis of Chitosan Nanoparticles
125
6.1 Ionic Gelation or Ionotropic Gelation
126
6.2 Polyelectrolyte Complexation—PEC or Self-assembling Method
127
6.3 Microemulsion Method
128
6.4 Emulsification Solvent Diffusion Method
129
7 Modifications in Chitosan Nanoparticles for the Antimicrobial Effect Potentialization
131
8 Pharmacological Potential from Chitosan and Its Derivatives
134
References
140
5 Effect of Light Stimulation on a Thermo-Cellulolytic Bacterial Consortium Used for the Degradation of Cellulose of Green Coconut Shells
152
Abstract
152
1 Introduction
153
2 Methods
154
2.1 Pretreatment of Coconut Shell
154
2.2 Microbial Sample Collection
155
2.3 Selection of the Thermo-Cellulolytic Microorganisms
155
2.4 Characteristics of the Thermo-Cellulolytic Consortium
155
2.4.1 Cellulolytic Activity
155
2.4.2 Morphological Analysis of the Microbial Consortium
156
2.4.3 Growth Curve of the Microbial Consortium
156
2.5 Evaluation of the Photostimulation of the Microbial Consortium
157
2.6 Assessment of the Lignolytic Activity
157
2.6.1 Nucleic Acid Analysis by Epifluorescence
158
2.7 Quantification of the Cellulose Hydrolysis Products
158
2.7.1 Determination of the Total Reducing Sugars
158
2.7.2 Quantification of the Glucose
159
2.8 Bacterial Quantification by Epifluorescence
161
2.9 Statistical Analysis
161
3 Results and Discussion
161
3.1 Pretreatments of the Coconut Shell
161
3.2 Selection of the Do Thermo-Cellulolytic Consortium
162
3.3 Characteristics of the Thermo-Cellulolytic Consortium
162
3.3.1 Cellulolytic Activity
162
3.3.2 Morphological Analysis of Microbial Consortium
163
3.3.3 Growth Kinetics of the Microbial Consortium
163
3.4 Assessment of the Photobiomodulation of the Thermo-Cellulolytic Consortium
164
3.5 Assessment of the Lignolytic Activity in the Photostimulated Microbial Consortium
167
3.6 Determination of Reducing Sugars
169
3.7 Quantification of Glucose
170
3.8 Microbial Quantification by Epifluorescence
171
4 Conclusion
172
References
172
6 High Coverage of H2, CH4, NH3 and H2O on (110) SnO2 Nanotubes
176
Abstract
176
1 Inorganic Nanotubes
177
2 Metal Oxides
181
2.1 Tin Dioxide (SnO2)
182
3 Adsorption of Gases on SnO2
184
4 Simulation Models for Materials Study and Design
185
5 PM7 and DFT Calculations
186
6 Computational Details
187
7 Results and Discussion
188
8 Conclusion
192
Acknowledgements
192
References
193
7 Surface Engineering in Alloyed CdSe/CdSexCdS1–x/CdS Core-Shell Colloidal Quantum Dots for Enhanced Optoelectronic Applications
196
Abstract
196
1 Introduction
197
2 Samples and Experimental Section
198
3 Results and Discussion
201
3.1 Steady-State and Time-Resolved Photoluminescence
201
3.2 Photoluminescence as a Function of Temperature: Thermal Carrier Transfer
206
4 Conclusions
208
References
209
Biomolecular, Antimicrobial Research Insights and Applications
213
8 Antimicrobial Activity of Nanocrystals
214
Abstract
214
1 Overview of Antimicrobial Resistance
215
2 Metallic Nanocrystals
216
2.1 Synthesis Approaches of MNCs
216
2.2 MNCs Characterization Techniques
218
2.3 Applications of MNCs
219
3 Cellulose Nanocrystals
220
3.1 Nanocelluloses
221
3.2 Antibacterial Studies
222
References
223
9 Connecting Pathway Errors in the Insulin Signaling Cascade: The Molecular Link to Inflammation, Obesity, Cancer, and Alzheimer’s Disease
227
Abstract
227
1 Introduction
229
1.1 Pathophysiology of Insulin Resistance and Resulting Comorbidities
229
1.2 The Insulin Receptor and the Insulin Signaling Cascade
230
1.3 Insulin Resistance and Cell Starvation
232
1.4 Insulin Resistance: Downregulation of the Insulin Signaling Pathway
233
1.5 Insulin Signaling Pathway: Up Regulation of Insulin Transmission Mechanisms
234
2 Insulin Signaling Cascades
235
2.1 The Three-Protein Kinase Signaling Systems
235
2.2 The Insulin Transduction Mechanism
238
2.3 The Role of Insulin as a Regulator, Mediator, and Modulator in the PI3K/Akt and CAP/Cbl Pathways
240
2.4 The Role of Insulin as a Mediator in Ras/MAPK Signaling
241
2.5 The Connection Between PI3K and CAP/Cbl
242
3 Regulation of the Insulin Signaling Pathway
244
3.1 Cancer and Hyperinsulinaemia
244
3.2 Down Regulation: Prevention of Insulin Overload
246
3.3 Insulin Receptor Degradation
247
3.4 IRS Degradation
248
3.5 Phosphatases
248
3.6 Other Phosphatases and Insulin Receptor Regulators
250
3.7 Serine Phosphorylation
250
3.8 Inflammation
252
3.9 Obesity
252
3.10 The Connection Between Inflammation and Obesity
254
3.11 Role of Insulin Signaling Pathway in Vascular Stability
255
4 Implications of Insulin in Alzheimer’s Disease
255
4.1 Alzheimer’s Disease
255
5 Conclusion
258
References
258
10 Prediction of the Three-Dimensional Structure of Phosphate-6-mannose PMI Present in the Cell Membrane of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri of Interest for the Citrus Canker Control
263
Abstract
263
1 Introduction
264
1.1 Recent Discoveries in Citrus Canker Bacteria
265
1.2 Molecular Modelling: Treading/Folding Recognition and Homology Modelling
266
2 Theoretical Support for the Prediction of a Protein Model Through the Protein Structural Homology Technique
268
3 Development and Evaluation of the Generated PMI Model
270
3.1 Approval Sequence Identification Step
270
3.2 Model Construction and Evaluation Stage
272
3.2.1 Evaluation of Dihedral Angles ? Versus Versus ? Through the Ramachandran Diagram
274
3.2.2 Other Important Parameters for the Analysis (Suite SAVE v5)
275
4 Conclusion
278
Acknowledgements
278
References
278
11 Design of Inhibitors of the Human Fibroblast Activation Protein ? as a Strategy to Hinder Metastasis and Angiogenesis
281
Abstract
281
1 Introduction
282
2 The Role of the Fibroblast Activation Protein ? (FAP) in Cancers
283
3 Strategies for the Design of FAP Inhibitors
284
4 An In Silico SBDD Workflow for the Discovery of FAP Inhibitors
293
5 Conclusions
302
Acknowledgements
302
References
302
12 Pharmacophore Mapping of Natural Products for Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition
308
Abstract
308
1 Introduction
309
2 Natural Products for Drug Discovery and Development
309
3 Obesity
311
4 Pancreatic Lipase as a Target for Anti-obesity Drugs
314
4.1 Myrciaria Genus
316
5 Pharmacophore-Based Drug Design
318
6 Pharmacophore Mapping of Chemical Markers from Myrciaria Genus Species for Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition
320
7 Data Preparation
320
8 Pharmacophore Modeling
323
9 Conclusion
334
References
335
Perspectives and Strategies for Zeolites, Graphitic, Polymeric and Ferrite Systems
342
13 Theoretical Insights About the Chemical Dependent Role of Exchange-Correlation Functionals: A Case Study
343
Abstract
343
1 Introduction
343
1.1 Bravais Lattices
343
2 Band Theory: Fundamentals for Electronic and Optical Properties
345
3 Elastic Properties: Crystalline Materials Behavior Under Mechanic Forces
347
4 Density Functional Theory: The Role of the Functional
348
5 Crystalline Structures
350
6 Computational Method
351
7 Results and Discussion
353
8 Conclusion
357
Acknowledgements
357
References
358
14 Design and Applications in Catalytic Processes of Zeolites Synthesized by the Hydrothermal Method
360
Abstract
360
1 Introduction
361
2 The Hydrothermal Method for Zeolite Synthesis
364
3 Influence of Synthesis Conditions on Zeolite Properties
366
3.1 Aluminum and Silicon Sources
366
3.1.1 Silicon Sources
366
3.1.2 Alumina Sources
368
3.1.3 Alternative Sources of Aluminum and Silicon
369
3.2 Crystallization Time and Temperature
370
3.3 Structure Directing Agents (SDAs) in Zeolite Synthesis
371
4 General Uses of Zeolites
376
4.1 Catalytic Applications of Zeolites
377
5 Conclusion
383
References
383
15 Design and Applications of Spherical Infinite Coordination Polymers (ICPS)
391
Abstract
391
1 Introduction
392
2 Mechanism of Spherical ICP Particle Formation
393
3 Synthesis of ICPs
395
4 Characterization and Property Studies of ICPs
397
5 Applications of ICPs
401
5.1 Luminescent Sensors
401
5.2 Light-Emitting Devices
404
5.3 Bio-related Applications
405
5.4 Other Potential Applications
407
References
408
16 Current Perspective on Synthesis, Properties, and Application of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Related-Compounds
412
Abstract
412
1 Historical Perspective
412
2 Structure and Synthesis
415
3 Modifications to Synthesis
418
4 Applications
422
4.1 Photoredox Applications for Artificial Photosynthesis (Water Splitting and Photofixation of CO2)
422
4.2 Environmental Decontamination
425
Acknowledgements
426
References
426
17 Chemical Modification of Polysaccharides and Applications in Strategic Areas
432
Abstract
432
1 Cellulose
433
1.1 Cellulose Derivatives, Some Properties and Potential Applications
434
2 Chitosan
439
2.1 Chitosan Derivatives, Some Properties and Potential Applications
440
3 Starch
450
3.1 Starch Derivatives, Some Properties and Potential Applications
451
4 Xanthan Gum
454
4.1 Xanthan Gum Derivatives, Some Properties and Potential Applications
455
5 Carrageenan
458
5.1 Carrageenan Derivatives, Some Properties and Potential Applications
459
References
462
18 A TD-DFT Simulation on Organic Polymer: The Case of PEDOT
472
Abstract
472
1 Introduction
473
1.1 Photovoltaic Devices
473
1.2 Charge Carriers in Organic Semiconductors
474
1.3 Density Functional Theory
475
1.4 Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory
476
1.5 Semi-empirical Methods
477
2 Theoretical Methodology
478
2.1 PM6 and DFT Electronic Structure
478
2.2 TD-DFT Single Excitation Calculations
478
3 Results and Discussion
479
3.1 Geometry Optimization
479
3.2 DFT Single Point Energy Calculation
479
3.3 Potential Energy Surface (PES) from DFT
480
3.4 Density of States Analysis (DOS)
481
3.5 TD-DFT Single Excitation
483
3.6 Band-Gap Energy Calculation
485
4 Conclusions
488
Acknowledgements
488
References
488
19 Magnetic Properties of Conducting Polymers
491
Abstract
491
1 Introduction
492
2 Intrinsic Magnetic Behavior in Conducting Polymers
493
3 Effects of Metals and Oxides in the Magnetic Behavior of Conducting Polymers
499
4 Final Remarks
504
Acknowledgements
505
References
505
20 Revised Fundamental Properties and Crystal Engineering of Spinel Ferrite Nanoparticles
509
Abstract
509
1 Introduction
509
2 The Crystalline Structure of Ferrite
512
3 Method of Preparation and Characterization
512
3.1 Preparation Methods
512
3.2 Physical Characterization
515
4 Effects of Morphology on the Magnetic, Photocatalytic and Optical Properties of Spinel Ferrite
517
5 Effects of Doping on the Magnetic, Photocatalytic and Optical Properties of Spinel Ferrite
519
6 Conclusion
523
References
524