Suchen und Finden
Service
Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Procedures - A Guide for Dermatologists and Plastic Surgeons
Adilson Da Costa
Verlag Springer-Verlag, 2020
ISBN 9783319782652 , 785 Seiten
Format PDF, OL
Kopierschutz Wasserzeichen
Geräte
Mehr zum Inhalt
Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Procedures - A Guide for Dermatologists and Plastic Surgeons
Foreword for Dermatoligist
6
Foreword for Plastic Surgeons
7
Preface
9
Contents
11
About the Author
19
Contributors
20
Part I: Peelings
29
1: Introduction: Classification of Peels
30
1.1 History/Background
30
1.2 Histological Outcome
30
1.3 Available Materials
31
1.4 Methods and Techniques
33
1.5 Clinical Outcome
34
1.6 Before and After (Figs. 1.12, 1.13, and 1.14)
37
1.7 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
38
References
39
2: Pearl Chapter: Basis of Photoaging and the Use of Chemical Peelings
41
2.1 Intrinsic Aging
41
2.1.1 Shortening of Telomeres
41
2.1.2 Free Radicals and Antioxidizing Ability
42
2.1.3 Cellular Senescence
42
2.2 Intrinsic Factors
42
2.2.1 Genetic Characteristics
42
2.2.2 Sexual Hormones
42
2.3 Extrinsic Aging
43
2.4 Extrinsic Factors
43
2.4.1 Air Pollution
43
2.4.2 Smoking
44
2.4.3 Ultraviolet Radiation and Photoaging
44
2.4.4 Receptor-Initiated Signaling Pathway
45
2.4.5 Mitochondrial Damage
45
2.4.6 DNA Damage
45
2.4.7 Arylhydrocarbon Receptor Signaling
46
2.4.8 Infrared Radiation
46
2.5 Conclusion
46
References
48
3: Tip Chapter: Peels for Ethnic Skin
52
3.1 History/Background
53
3.2 Genesis
53
3.3 Classification/Types
53
3.4 Available Materials
54
3.4.1 Glycolic Acid
54
3.4.2 Lactic Acid
55
3.4.3 Salicylic Acid
55
3.4.4 Tretinoin
56
3.4.5 Jessner’s Solution
56
3.4.6 Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA)
56
3.4.7 Other Agents
57
3.4.7.1 Thioglycolic Acid
57
3.4.7.2 Resorcin
57
3.4.7.3 Mandelic Acid
57
3.4.7.4 Pyruvic Acid
57
3.4.8 Salicylic-Mandelic Acid Combination
57
3.4.9 Medium Peelings
57
3.4.10 Fluor-hydroxy Pulse Peel
58
3.4.11 Deep Peelings
58
3.5 Phenol Peeling
58
3.5.1 Blepharopeeling
58
3.6 Before and After (Figs. 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3)
59
3.7 Side Effects, Complications, and How They May Be Handled/Managed
61
3.8 Conclusions/Findings
61
References
62
4: Blepharopeel
64
4.1 Materials
64
4.2 Methods and Techniques
65
4.2.1 The Prepeeling
65
4.2.2 The Peeling
66
4.3 Clinical Follow-Up
66
4.4 Before and After (Figs. 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10 and 4.11)
68
4.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
69
Bibliography
71
5: Cook Peel (70% Glycolic Acid + 70% Trichloroacetic Acid) for the Face
72
5.1 Materials
72
5.2 Methods and Techniques
72
5.2.1 The Peeling Itself
73
5.3 Clinical Follow-Up
74
5.4 Before and After (Figs. 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, and 5.11)
76
5.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
77
References
78
6: Cook Peel (70% Glycolic Acid +40% Trichloroacetic Acid) for Extra-Facial Areas
79
6.1 Materials
79
6.2 Methods and Techniques
79
6.3 Clinical Follow-Up
81
6.4 Before and After (Figs. 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, and 6.10)
82
6.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
84
7: Fluor-Hydroxy Pulse Peel for Face
85
7.1 Materials [1–5]
85
7.1.1 Reagents
85
7.1.2 Equipment (Fig. 7.1)
85
7.2 Methods and Techniques
85
7.2.1 Patient Selection
85
7.2.2 Technique Using Glycolic Acid Peel (Standard Fluor-hydroxy Pulse Peel for the Face)
85
7.2.3 Technique Using Jessner’s Solution (Alternative Fluor-hydroxy Pulse Peel for the Face)
86
7.3 Clinical Follow-Up
87
7.3.1 Prepeeling Preparation (Table 7.1)
87
7.4 Before and After: Illustrations (Fig. 7.3)
88
7.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
88
7.5.1 Post-Peeling Recommendations (Table 7.1) [1–7]
88
References
89
8: Fluor-Hydroxy Pulse Peel for Extra-Facial Areas
90
8.1 Materials
90
8.2 Methods and Techniques
90
8.3 Follow-Up at the Clinic (Figs. 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, and 8.4)
91
8.4 Before and After (Figs. 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, and 8.10)
92
8.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
93
References
93
9: Genital Bleaching Peel
94
9.1 Materials
94
9.2 Methods and Techniques [1–21]
95
9.3 Clinical Follow-Up [1–21]
95
9.4 Before and After
95
9.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–21]
96
References
97
10: Glycolic Acid Peel for the Face
98
10.1 Materials (Fig. 10.1)
98
10.1.1 Glycolic Acid
98
10.2 Methods and Techniques
99
10.2.1 Patient Selection
99
10.2.2 Priming of Skin and Preoperative Instructions
99
10.2.3 Steps of Glycolic Acid Peel Procedure
99
10.3 Clinical Follow-Up
100
10.4 Before and After
101
10.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
101
10.5.1 Technical Complications
101
10.5.2 Infection
101
10.5.3 Cosmetic Side Effects and Complications
101
10.5.4 Allergic Reactions and Contact Dermatitis
102
References
102
11: Glycolic Acid Peel for Extra-Facial Areas
103
11.1 Materials (Fig. 11.1)
103
11.2 Methods and Techniques
103
11.3 Clinical Follow-Up
104
11.4 Before and After
105
11.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
106
References
107
12: Jessner’s Peel for the Face
108
12.1 Materials (Fig. 12.1)
108
12.2 Methods and Techniques
108
12.2.1 Prepeeling
108
12.2.2 Peeling
109
12.2.3 Post-peeling
111
12.3 Before and After (Figs. 12.7, 12.8, 12.9, 12.10, 12.11, and 12.12)
112
12.4 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management (Figs. 12.13, 12.14, and 12.15)
113
References
115
13: Jessner’s Peel for Extra-Facial Areas
116
13.1 Materials
116
13.2 Methods and Techniques [1, 2]
116
13.2.1 Indications
116
13.2.2 Procedures on a Step-by-step Way
117
13.3 Clinical Follow-Up
117
13.4 Before and After (Fig. 13.1)
117
13.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [6–9]
118
References
118
14: Phenol-Croton Oil Peels
119
14.1 Materials
119
14.2 Methods and Techniques
121
14.3 Clinical Follow-Up
122
14.4 Before and After (Figs. 14.8 and 14.9)
123
14.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
124
References
125
15: Pyruvic Acid Peel for Face and Extra-Facial Areas
126
15.1 Materials
126
15.2 Methods and Techniques
126
15.3 Clinical Follow-Up
128
15.4 Before and After (Figs. 15.7 and 15.8)
129
15.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
129
References
130
16: Resorcin Peel for Face
131
16.1 Materials
131
16.2 Methods and Techniques
131
16.3 Clinical Follow-Up
131
16.4 Before and After (Figs. 16.2 and 16.3)
132
16.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
133
References
133
17: Resorcin Peel for Extra-Facial Areas
134
17.1 Materials [1–5]
134
17.1.1 Reagents
134
17.1.2 Equipment (Fig. 17.1)
134
17.2 Methods and Techniques
134
17.2.1 Patient Selection
134
17.2.2 Technique Using Resorcinol 20% (Ethanol Solution)
135
17.3 Clinical Follow-Up
135
17.3.1 Pre-peeling Preparation (Table 17.1)
135
17.4 Before and After (Fig. 17.2)
135
17.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
136
17.5.1 Post-peeling Recommendations (Table 17.1) [1–6]
136
References
137
18: Salicylic Acid for Face (Facial Salicylic Acid Peel)
138
18.1 Materials
138
18.2 Methods and Techniques
138
18.2.1 Indications and Contraindications
138
18.2.2 Preparation Before Peeling
139
18.2.3 Peeling Techniques
139
18.2.4 Directions
140
18.3 Clinical Follow-Up
140
18.4 Before and After
141
18.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
142
References
143
19: Salicylic Acid Peeling for Extra-Facial Areas
144
19.1 Materials
144
19.2 Methods and Techniques
144
19.2.1 Pre-peeling
144
19.2.2 Peeling
145
19.2.3 Post-peeling
146
19.3 Clinical Follow-Up (Figs. 19.6, 19.7, 19.8, and 19.9)
147
19.4 Before and After
148
19.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
149
References
150
20: Tretinoin Peel for Face
151
20.1 Materials
151
20.2 Methods and Techniques
151
20.2.1 How to Apply
152
20.3 Before and After (Figs. 20.6, 20.7, 20.8, 20.9, 20.10, 20.11, 20.12, and 20.13)
153
20.4 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
155
References
156
21: Tretinoin Peel for Extra-Facial Areas
157
21.1 Materials
157
21.2 Methods and Techniques [1–7]
157
21.3 Clinical Follow-Up [1–7]
158
21.4 Before and After
158
21.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–7]
158
References
159
22: Trichloroacetic Acid Peel for Facial and Extra-Facial Areas
160
22.1 Materials
160
22.2 Methods and Techniques [1–10]
160
22.3 Clinical Follow-Up [1–10]
162
22.4 Before and After (Figs. 22.14, 22.15, 22.16, 22.17, 22.18, 22.19, 22.20, 22.21, 22.22, 22.23, and 22.24)
166
22.4.1 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–10] (Figs. 22.25, 22.26, 22.27, 22.28, 22.29, and 22.30)
169
References
171
23: Thioglycolic Acid Peel for Dark Circles Under Eyes
173
23.1 Materials
173
23.2 Methods and Techniques
174
23.3 Clinical Follow-Up
175
23.4 Before and After
176
23.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
176
References
177
24: Thioglycolic Acid Peeling for Hemosiderin and Post-inflammatory Hyperchromia
178
24.1 Materials (Fig. 24.1)
178
24.2 Methods and Techniques (Figs. 24.2 and 24.3)
178
24.3 Clinical Follow-up (Fig. 24.4)
179
24.4 Before and After (Figs. 24.5, 24.6, and 24.7)
180
24.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management (Figs. 24.8 and 24.9)
180
References
181
Part II: Botulinum Toxin
182
25: Introduction: What Is Botulinum Toxin?
183
25.1 History
183
25.2 Botulinum Toxin Types
183
25.2.1 Commercial Preparations
184
25.3 Before and After
185
25.4 Side Effects, Complications, and How They May Be Managed
186
25.4.1 Non-cosmetic Side Effects
186
25.4.2 Cosmetic Side Effects
187
25.5 Conclusions
188
References
189
26: Tip Chapter: Histology and Physiology of the Skin
191
26.1 Epidermis
191
26.2 Keratinocytes
191
26.2.1 Basal Layer
192
26.2.2 Squamous Cell Layer
192
26.2.3 Granular Layer
192
26.2.4 Cornified Layer
193
26.3 Melanocytes
193
26.4 Langerhans Cells
194
26.5 Merkel Cells
194
26.6 Dermoepidermal Interface
194
26.7 Hair Follicles
195
26.8 Sebaceous Glands
196
26.9 Eccrine Glands
197
26.10 Apocrine Glands
197
26.11 Cutaneous Nerve System
199
26.12 Cutaneous Vascular and Lymphatic System
200
26.13 Collagen and Elastic Fibers
201
26.14 Subcutaneous Fat
202
References
203
27: Botulinum Toxin for Craniofacial Hyperhidrosis
205
27.1 Materials (Fig. 27.1)
205
27.2 Methods and Technique
205
27.3 Clinical Follow-Up
206
27.4 Before and After (Figs. 27.6, 27.7, 27.8, and 27.9)
206
27.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
207
References
208
28: Botulinum Toxin for Superior Third of the Face
209
28.1 Materials
209
28.2 Methods and Techniques [1–8]
209
28.2.1 Solution preparation:
209
28.2.2 Injection techniques:
211
28.2.3 Direct
211
28.2.4 Subdermal Bubble
211
28.2.5 Directed Injection
211
28.3 Clinical Follow-Up [1–8]
212
28.4 Before and After (Figs. 28.9, 28.10, 28.11, and 28.12)
214
28.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–8]
215
References
216
29: Botulinum Toxin for Middle Third of the Face
217
29.1 Materials (Fig. 29.1)
217
29.2 Methods and Techniques
217
29.2.1 Example #1 (Fig. 29.2)
218
29.2.2 Example #2 (Fig. 29.3)
218
29.3 Clinical Follow-up
218
29.4 Before and After
219
29.4.1 Example #1 (Fig. 29.4)
219
29.4.2 Example #2 (Fig. 29.5)
219
29.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
219
30: Botulinum Toxin for Inferior Third of the Face
221
30.1 Materials
221
30.2 Methods and Techniques
221
30.2.1 Gummy Smile
221
30.2.2 Perioral Area (Upper and Lower Lips)
222
30.2.3 Elevation of the Corner of the Mouth “Marionette Lines”
222
30.2.4 Hyperactive Mentalis Muscle
224
30.3 Clinical Follow-Up [5–9]
224
30.4 Before and After (Figs. 30.8 and 30.9)
225
30.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [5–9]
227
References
227
31: Botulinum Toxin for the Neck
228
31.1 Materials (Fig. 31.1)
228
31.2 Methods and Techniques
229
31.3 Clinical Follow-Up
230
31.4 Before and After (Figs. 31.6, 31.7, 31.8, 31.9, and 31.10)
230
31.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
232
References
233
32: Botulinum Toxin for Axillary Hyperhidrosis
234
32.1 Materials (Fig. 32.1)
234
32.2 Methods and Techniques
235
32.3 Clinical Follow-Up
236
32.4 Before and After (Fig. 32.6)
237
32.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
238
References
238
33: Botulinum Toxin for Palmar and Plantar Hyperhidrosis
239
33.1 Materials
239
33.1.1 For Botulinum Toxin Application
239
33.2 Methods and Techniques
239
33.2.1 Demarcating Injection Sites
239
33.2.2 Product Reconstitution
240
33.2.3 Injection Technique
240
33.2.3.1 Palmar
240
33.2.4 Palmar Hyperhidrosis
241
33.2.5 Plantar Hyperhidrosis
241
33.3 Clinical Follow-up
242
33.4 Before and After
242
33.4.1 Palmar Hyperhidrosis (Fig. 33.7)
242
33.4.2 Plantar Hyperhidrosis (Fig. 33.8)
243
33.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
243
References
243
34: Botulinum Toxin for Special Conditions: Chemical Rhinoplasty
244
34.1 Materials
244
34.2 Methods and Techniques
245
34.2.1 Bunny Lines
245
34.2.2 Elevation of Nasal Tip
245
34.3 Clinical Follow-up
245
34.4 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
246
References
246
35: Botulinum Toxin for Special Conditions: Facial Mesotherapy
247
35.1 Materials (Fig. 35.1) [1]
247
35.2 Methods and Techniques [1]
247
35.3 Clinical Follow-Up
248
35.4 Before and After (Figs. 35.3, 35.4, 35.5, 35.6 and 35.7)
249
35.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [2–3]
251
References
251
36: Botulinum Toxin for Special Conditions: Gummy Smile – Advanced Points and Indications
252
36.1 Materials
252
36.2 Methods and Techniques
252
36.3 Clinical Follow-Up
253
36.4 Before and After (Fig. 36.3)
254
36.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
254
References
255
37: Botulinum Toxin for Special Conditions: Masseter Hypertrophy
256
37.1 Materials
256
37.2 Methods and Technique
256
37.3 Clinical Follow-Up
257
37.4 Before and After (Figs. 37.2, 37.3, and 37.4)
257
37.5 Side Effect, Complications, and Their Management
259
References
259
38: Botulinum Toxin for Special Conditions: Myomodulation to Body Contour
260
38.1 Materials (Fig. 38.1)
260
38.2 Methods and Techniques [1–8]
260
38.3 Clinical Follow-up [1–8]
263
38.4 Before and After (Figs. 38.4a, b and 38.5a, b)
264
38.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–8]
264
References
265
Part III: Hyaluronic Acid Filler
266
39: Introduction: What Is Hyaluronic Acid Filler?
267
39.1 History: Background
267
39.2 Physical and Chemical Features
268
39.2.1 Molecular Weight and Concentration
268
39.2.2 Reticulation
268
39.2.3 Viscoelasticity
269
39.2.4 Turgidity
269
39.2.5 Size of Particles and Extrusion Force
269
39.3 Classification: Types
269
39.4 Choosing the Product
270
39.5 Biological Effect
270
39.6 Available Materials
270
39.7 Side Effects, Complications, and How They May Be Handled/Managed
270
39.8 Conclusion
270
References
275
40: Tip Chapter: Anatomy of the Face, Neck, Hands and Genital Areas
276
40.1 The Face
276
40.2 The Neck
279
40.3 Hands
280
40.3.1 Muscles
284
40.3.1.1 Dorsal Face
284
40.3.1.2 Palmar Face
284
40.3.1.3 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
285
40.3.1.4 Fascia and Tendinous Sheaths
285
40.3.1.5 Irrigation
286
40.3.1.6 Venous Drainage
287
40.3.1.7 Lymphatic Drainage
288
40.3.1.8 Innervation
288
40.4 The Genital Area
289
40.4.1 Pelvis and Perineum
289
40.4.2 Female Anatomy
291
40.4.3 Male Anatomy
293
References
295
41: Hyaluronic Acid for Dermic Hydration
297
41.1 Materials (Fig. 41.1)
297
41.2 Methods and Techniques (Figs. 41.2, 41.3, and 41.4)
297
41.3 Clinical Follow-Up (Fig. 41.6)
299
41.4 Before and After (Figs. 41.7 and 41.8)
300
41.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
301
References
301
42: Hyaluronic Acid for Frontal and Glabella Areas
302
42.1 Materials
302
42.1.1 Restylane® [1]
302
42.1.2 Belotero Balance® [2]
302
42.2 Methods and Techniques
303
42.2.1 Pre-procedure Evaluation [2]
303
42.2.2 Techniques
303
42.3 Clinical Follow-up
304
42.4 Before and After (Figs. 42.7 and 42.8)
304
42.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Manangement
305
42.5.1 Discomfort, Erythema, and Edema [4]
305
42.5.2 Ecchymosis
305
42.5.3 Irregularities and Nodules
305
42.5.4 Infections
306
42.5.5 Hypersensitivity Reactions [4]
306
42.5.6 Necrosis
306
References
307
43: Filling Temporal and Eyebrow Areas
308
43.1 Materials
308
43.2 Methods and Techniques
309
43.2.1 Temporal Fossa
309
43.2.1.1 Anatomical Considerations
309
43.2.1.2 Temporal Fossa Augmentation
309
43.2.2 Eyebrow Area
309
43.2.2.1 Anatomic Considerations
309
43.2.2.2 Eyebrow Area Augmentation
310
43.3 Clinical Follow-Up
310
43.4 Before and After (Figs. 43.3, 43.4, 43.5, and 43.6)
311
43.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
313
References
314
44: Hyaluronic Acid for Periocular Area
315
44.1 Materials (Fig. 44.1)
315
44.2 Methods and Techniques (Fig. 44.2)
315
44.3 Clinical Follow-Up
317
44.4 Before and After (Fig. 44.3)
317
44.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
321
References
321
45: Hyaluronic Acid for Malar Area and Zygomatic Arch
322
45.1 Materials
322
45.1.1 Hyaluronic Acid Fillers
322
45.2 Methods and Techniques
322
45.2.1 Practical Procedural Tips
323
45.2.2 Areas of Injection
323
45.2.3 Malar Area
323
45.2.4 Zygomatic Area
324
45.3 Clinical Follow-up
324
45.4 Before and After (Figs. 45.2, 45.3, 45.4, and 45.5)
325
45.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
327
References
327
46: Hyaluronic Acid for Pre-auricular Area
329
46.1 Materials
329
46.2 Methods and Techniques
330
46.2.1 Methods
330
46.2.2 Techniques (see Fig. 46.2)
331
46.3 Clinical Follow-Up
333
46.4 Before and After (Figs. 46.3 and 46.4)
333
46.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
334
References
335
47: Hyaluronic Acid for Ear Lobe
336
47.1 Materials (Fig. 47.1)
336
47.2 Methods and Techniques
336
47.2.1 Preparing the Filler
336
47.3 Clinical Follow-Up
338
47.4 Before and After (Fig. 47.9)
339
47.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
339
References
339
48: Hyaluronic Acid for the Nose
340
48.1 Materials
340
48.2 Methods and Techniques
340
48.3 Clinical Follow-up
341
48.4 Before and After (Figs. 48.4, 48.5, and 48.6)
343
48.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
344
Reference
345
49: Hyaluronic Acid for Nasolabial Folds
346
49.1 Materials
346
49.1.1 Hyaluronic Acid
346
49.2 Methods and Techniques
346
49.2.1 Preparation
346
49.2.2 Materials
347
49.2.3 Application
347
49.2.4 Care Following the Procedure
348
49.3 Clinical Follow-Ups
348
49.4 Before and After (Figs. 49.6 and 49.7)
349
49.5 Side Effects and Complications
349
49.5.1 Erythema and Edema
349
49.5.2 Bruising in Tissue or Dermis
349
49.5.3 Allergic/Anaphylactic reactions [1, 2]
349
49.5.4 Nodulations
349
49.5.5 Hypocorrection or Overfilling
349
49.5.6 Infection
350
49.5.7 Foreign Body Granulomas
350
49.5.8 Ischemia and Necrosis [1–3]
350
References
351
50: Hyaluronic Acid for Lips and Perioral Fine Lines and Wrinkles
352
50.1 Materials
352
50.2 Methods and Techniques
352
50.2.1 Lip Enhancement and Contour Definition
352
50.2.2 Perioral Finishes
353
50.3 Clinical Follow-up
353
50.4 Before and After (Figs. 50.6 and 50.7)
354
50.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
355
References
356
51: Hyaluronic Acid Fillers for Treating Temporal Area Volume Loss
357
51.1 Materials
357
51.2 Methods and Techniques [1–8]
357
51.2.1 Superficial to the Temporalis Muscle (Fig. 51.2)
358
51.2.2 Deep Temporal Plane
359
51.3 Clinical Follow-Up [1–8]
361
51.4 Before and After (Figs. 51.5, 51.6, and 51.7)
362
51.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–8]
363
References
364
52: Hyaluronic Acid for Chin
365
52.1 Materials
365
52.1.1 Physical properties of a filler required for chin augmentation
365
52.2 Methods and Techniques
365
52.2.1 Physical examination and facial analysis
365
52.2.2 Evaluation of the chin
366
52.2.3 Design
367
52.2.4 Anesthesia
367
52.2.5 Injection
367
52.2.6 Adjunctive procedures
369
52.3 Clinical Follow-Up (Fig. 52.5)
369
52.4 Before and After (Figs. 52.6 and 52.7)
370
52.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
371
52.5.1 Visible nodules, unnatural results
371
52.5.2 Vascular complications
371
52.5.3 Immunologic problems
371
References
372
53: Hyaluronic Acid for Neck Wrinkles
373
53.1 Materials (Fig. 53.1)
373
53.2 Methods and Techniques
373
53.3 Clinical Follow-Up
373
53.4 Before and After: Fig. 53.3
374
53.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
374
53.5.1 Swelling and Redness
374
53.5.2 Bumping Irregularity (Fig. 53.4)
374
53.5.3 Hypersensitivity Reaction
375
53.5.4 Bruising
375
53.5.5 Grayish, Bumped Accentuation of the Neck Lines (Tyndall Effect)
375
Reference
375
54: Hyaluronic Acid for Hands
376
54.1 Materials
376
54.1.1 Hyaluronic Acid
376
54.2 Methods and Techniques
376
54.3 Clinical Follow-up
378
54.4 Results Pre-Post (Figs. 54.6, 54.7, and 54.8)
379
54.5 Side Effects, Complications, and tTheir Management
379
References
380
55: Hyaluronic Acid for Genital Area
381
55.1 Materials (Fig. 55.1)
381
55.2 Methods and Techniques
381
55.3 Clinical Follow-Up
382
55.4 Before and After (Figs. 55.7 and 55.8)
384
55.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
385
References
386
Part IV: Threads in Cosmetic Procedures
387
56: Introduction: Threads in Cosmetic Procedures
388
56.1 History/Background
388
56.2 Genesis
388
56.3 Classifications/Types
389
56.4 Available Materials
389
56.4.1 Polypropylene
389
56.4.1.1 APTOS® Technique
389
56.4.1.2 Woffles Lift
391
56.4.1.3 Isse
391
56.4.1.4 MIZ Lift
391
56.4.1.5 Micro-shuttle Lifting
391
56.4.1.6 Beramendi Threads
392
56.4.1.7 REEBORN
392
56.4.1.8 Silhouette Threads
393
56.4.2 Happy Lift Threads
394
56.4.3 Polydioxanone Threads
394
56.5 Selection of the Ideal Candidate
395
56.6 Side Effects, Complications, and How They May Be Handled/Managed
396
56.7 Conclusions
396
References
396
57: Tip Chapter: Anesthesia in Cosmetic Procedures
398
57.1 Topical/Noninvasive Anesthesia
398
57.2 Invasive Anesthesia
399
57.3 Infiltrative Anesthesia and Nerve Blocks
399
57.4 Sedation, Monitored Anesthesia Care, General Anesthesia
400
57.5 Summary
401
References
401
58: Eyebrow Thread Lifting
402
58.1 Materials (Fig. 58.1)
402
58.1.1 Anesthesia
402
58.1.2 Needle for Entry Point
402
58.1.3 Thread Types
402
58.2 Methods and Techniques
403
58.3 Clinical Follow-Up
406
58.4 Before and After (Fig. 58.9)
407
58.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
408
References
408
59: Threads for the Middle Third of the Face
409
59.1 Materials
409
59.1.1 Silhouette Soft
409
59.2 Methods and Techniques [1–10]
409
59.3 Clinical Follow-up [1–10]
410
59.4 Before and After (Figs. 59.4, 59.5, and 59.6)
412
59.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–10]
413
References
414
60: Threads for the Inferior Third of the Face
415
60.1 Materials (Fig. 60.1)
415
60.2 Methods and Techniques
415
60.2.1 Authors’ Personal Technique: Double Z Technique (Fig. 60.3)
416
60.3 Clinical Follow-Up
417
60.4 Before and After (Figs. 60.4, 60.5, 60.6, and 60.7)
417
60.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
420
References
420
61: Threads for Chin Lifting
421
61.1 Materials
421
61.2 Methods and Techniques [1–3]
421
61.3 Clinical Follow-Up [1–3]
423
61.4 Before and After
424
61.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–3]
425
References
425
62: Threads for the Neck
426
62.1 Materials
426
62.2 Methods and Techniques
427
62.2.1 Lateral Sagging
427
62.2.2 Central Sagging
428
62.3 Before and After
430
62.4 Clinical Follow-Up
433
62.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Management Thereof
433
References
437
63: Threads for Corporal Areas: Upper and Inferior Limbs
438
63.1 Materials
438
63.1.1 Silhouette Soft
438
63.1.2 Materials (Fig. 63.1)
438
63.2 Methods and Techniques
439
63.2.1 Pretreatment Process
439
63.2.2 Patient Preparation (Fig. 63.3)
439
63.2.3 Technique (Fig. 63.4)
439
63.2.4 Posttreatment Recommendations
442
63.3 Clinical Follow-Up
442
63.4 Before and After (Figs. 63.7, 63.8, 63.9, and 63.10)
444
63.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
446
63.5.1 Pain
446
63.5.2 Bruises
446
63.5.3 Skin Depression at the Entry Points
446
63.5.4 Foreign Body Granuloma
446
References
447
64: Threads for Abdomen
448
64.1 Materials
448
64.2 Methods and Techniques
448
64.3 Clinical Follow-up
450
64.4 Before and After (Figs. 64.9, 64.10, 64.11, and 64.12)
450
64.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
451
References
451
65: Threads for Special Conditions: Buttocks
453
65.1 Materials
453
65.2 Methods and Techniques
454
65.2.1 Inverted U technique
454
65.2.2 Straight technique
455
65.3 Clinical Follow-Up
455
65.4 Before and After (Figs. 65.1 and 65.2)
455
65.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
456
References
456
Part V: Chemical Substances for Injectable Cosmetic Neocollagenesis
457
66: Introduction: Chemical Substances for Injectable Cosmetic Neocollagenesis
458
66.1 History [1]
458
66.2 Classification
459
66.3 Materials Available
459
66.3.1 Hyaluronic Acid (HA) [4–7] (Figs. 66.1 and 66.2)
459
66.3.2 Calcium Hydroxyapatite [8, 9]
461
66.3.3 L-Polylactic Acid [10, 11]
461
66.3.4 Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) [12]
461
66.3.5 Polyethylene Glycol [13, 14]
462
66.3.6 Autologous Fibroblasts [15–18]
462
66.3.7 Fat Graft [19] (Figs. 66.3 and 66.4)
462
66.3.8 Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) [20–26]
462
66.4 Collateral Effects, Complications, and Management [27]
464
References
465
67: Tip Chapter: Improving Healing in Cosmetic Procedures
466
67.1 History/Background
466
67.2 Genesis
466
67.3 Classification/Types
468
67.4 Available Materials
469
67.5 Side Effects and Complications
474
67.6 Conclusions/Findings
475
References
476
68: Calcium Hydroxyapatite for Face
477
68.1 Materials
477
68.1.1 Product Description
477
68.1.2 Dilution
478
68.2 Methods and Techniques
479
68.2.1 Indications
479
68.2.2 Techniques
479
68.2.3 Injection Techniques for Radiesse®
480
68.2.3.1 Lifting Treatment
481
68.2.3.2 Treatment of the Contour of the Mandible
482
68.2.3.3 Treatment of the Nasolabial Folds
482
68.2.3.4 Prejowl Sulcus and Chin
483
68.2.3.5 Biostimulation Face Treatment
483
68.2.4 Contraindications
484
68.3 Clinical Follow-Up
484
68.4 Before and After (Figs. 68.1, 68.2, 68.3, and 68.4)
485
68.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
486
References
487
69: Calcium Hydroxylapatite for Hands
488
69.1 Materials
488
69.1.1 Calcium Hydroxylapatite
488
69.1.2 The Procedure
489
69.2 Methods and Techniques
490
69.3 Follow-Up
491
69.4 Before and After (Figs. 69.9 and 69.10)
492
69.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
492
References
493
70: Calcium Hydroxyapatite For Unusual Body Areas
494
70.1 Materials: (Fig. 70.1)
494
70.2 Methods and Techniques
494
70.2.1 Dilution
494
70.2.2 Technique
494
70.3 Clinical Follow-Up
494
70.3.1 Stretch Marks (Fig. 70.2)
494
70.3.2 All Other Indications
495
70.4 Before and After (Figs. 70.3a, b; 70.4a, b; 70.5a, b)
495
70.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
497
70.5.1 Early Complications (<15 days) (Table 70.1)
497
70.5.2 Delayed Adverse Events (>15 days) (Table 70.1)
497
References
501
71: Platelet-Enriched Plasma
502
71.1 Materials (Figs. 71.1, 71.2, and 71.3)
502
71.2 Methods and Techniques [1–8]
503
71.3 Clinical Follow-Up [1–8]
505
71.4 Before and After (Figs. 71.17, 71.18, 71.19, 71.20, and 71.21)
506
71.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–8]
507
References
508
72: Poly-L-Lactic Acid for the Face
509
72.1 Materials: (Fig. 72.1)
509
72.2 Methods and Techniques
509
72.2.1 Pre-op Evaluation
509
72.2.2 Preparation and Anesthesia
510
72.2.3 Reconstitution and Hydration
510
72.2.4 Injection Techniques
510
72.2.4.1 Bone Support
510
72.2.4.2 Fat Compartment Replacement
511
72.2.4.3 Skin Sagging
511
72.3 Clinical Follow-Up
511
72.4 Before and After (Figs. 72.5, 72.6, and 72.7)
512
72.5 Side Effects, Complications, and How They May Be Managed
514
References
516
73: Poly-L-Lactic Acid for the Neck
517
73.1 Materials
517
73.2 Methods and Techniques [1–6]
517
73.3 Clinical Follow-Up [1–6]
518
73.4 Before and After (Figs. 73.6 and 73.7)
519
73.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–6]
519
References
520
74: Poly-L-Lactic Acid for Arms
521
74.1 Materials
521
74.2 Methods and Techniques
521
74.2.1 Methods
521
74.2.2 Techniques
521
74.3 Clinical Follow-Up
522
74.4 Before and After (Fig. 74.4, 74.5, 74.6, and 74.7)
523
74.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
524
References
525
75: Poly-L-Lactic Acid for Hands
526
75.1 Materials
526
75.2 Methods and Techniques
526
75.3 Clinical Follow-Up
528
75.4 Before and After (Figs. 75.1 and 75.2)
528
75.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
528
References
529
76: Poly-L-Lactic Acid for the Gluteal Area
530
76.1 Materials [1–10]
530
76.2 Methods and Techniques [1–10]
530
76.2.1 Preparing the Patient
530
76.2.2 Preparing the Product
530
76.2.3 Techniques
531
76.3 Clinical Follow-Up
532
76.4 Before and After (Figs. 76.5, 76.6, and 76.7)
532
76.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–10]
533
References
534
77: Polyacrylamide for the Face
535
77.1 Materials
535
77.2 Methods and Techniques
535
77.3 Clinical Follow-up
536
77.4 Before and After (Figs. 77.4, 77.5, and 77.6)
538
77.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
539
References
540
78: Polycaprolactone for the Face
541
78.1 Materials
541
78.2 Methods and Techniques
541
78.2.1 Product’s injection
542
78.3 Clinical Follow-Up
544
78.4 Before and After (Figs. 78.6, 78.7, 78.8, 78.9, and 78.10)
545
78.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
549
References
550
79: Polycaprolactone for Extrafacial Areas
551
79.1 Materials
551
79.2 Methods and Techniques
551
79.3 Clinical Follow-up
554
79.4 Before and After (Figs. 79.6, 79.7, 79.8, 79.9, 79.10, and 79.11)
555
79.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
558
References
559
80: Polyethylene Glycol for the Hands and Face
560
80.1 Materials
560
80.2 Methods and Techniques
560
80.2.1 Facial Treatment
560
80.2.2 Soft Tissue Augmentation of the Hands
560
80.3 Clinical Follow-Up
563
80.4 Before and After (Figs. 80.5, 80.6, 80.7, 80.8, 80.9, and 80.10)
563
80.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
564
References
565
81: Polymethylmethacrylate Microsphere Injections in the Face
566
81.1 Materials
566
81.2 Methods and Techniques
566
81.2.1 Indications
567
81.3 Clinical Follow-Up
571
81.4 Before and After
571
81.5 Side Effects and Complications, and Their Management
571
81.5.1 Nodules
571
81.5.2 Foreign Body Granulomas
571
References
573
82: Polymethyl Methacrylate for the Body
574
82.1 Material
574
82.2 Methods and Techniques
574
82.3 Clinical Follow-Up
575
82.4 Before and After (Figs. 82.4, 82.5, 82.6, 82.7, 82.8, and 82.9)
575
82.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
576
References
577
Part VI: Micro-aesthetic Surgery and Others
578
83: Introduction: Dressings to Improve Healing in Cosmetic Procedures
579
83.1 History/Background
579
83.2 Genesis
579
83.3 Classification/Types
580
83.4 Available Materials
581
83.4.1 Impregnated Gauzes
581
83.4.2 Semipermeable Films
582
83.4.3 Hydrogels
582
83.5 Complications in Aesthetic Procedures and the Use of Wound Dressings
584
83.6 Side Effects and Complications, and Their Management
585
83.7 Conclusions
586
References
587
84: Tip Chapter: How Might Cosmeuticals Improve Skin Aesthetic Procedures Outcome?
588
84.1 Background
588
84.2 Classification
588
84.3 Procedure Types
589
84.3.1 Skin Surgery
589
84.3.1.1 Presurgery Skin Care and Supplements (Table 84.3)
589
84.3.1.2 Ingredients and Activities to Avoid Presurgery (Table 84.3)
594
84.3.1.3 Postsurgery Skin Care and Supplements (Tables 84.4, 84.5, and 84.6)
594
84.3.1.4 Ingredients to Avoid Postsurgery (Table 84.4)
596
84.3.2 Injectables (Fillers, Toxins, and Fat Reductor), Microneedling, and Ablative Lasers
596
84.3.2.1 Pretreatment Skin Care and Supplements
596
84.3.2.2 Ingredients and Activities to Avoid Pretreatments
596
84.3.2.3 Ingredients and Cosmetc Skin Care Post Filler Injections
596
84.3.2.4 Ingredients and Cosmetc Skin Care Post Microneedling
597
84.3.3 Nonablative Laser, IPL (Intense Pulsed Light), and Tightening Devices
597
84.3.4 Chemical Peels
597
84.3.4.1 Prepeeling Preparation (Table 84.7)
598
84.3.4.2 Postpeeling Recommendations (Table 84.7)
599
84.4 Conclusions
599
References
600
85: Chemical Liposculpture of the Chin
601
85.1 Materials (Fig. 85.1)
601
85.2 Methods and Techniques
601
85.3 Clinical Follow-Up
603
85.4 Before and After (Fig. 85.5)
604
85.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
604
References
605
86: Microneedling for Neocollagenesis of the Face
606
86.1 Materials
606
86.2 Methods and Techniques
606
86.3 Clinical Follow-Up
607
86.4 Before and After (Figs. 86.3, and 86.4)
608
86.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
609
References
611
87: Acne Scar: Shaving and Electrosurgery
612
87.1 Materials
612
87.2 Methods and Techniques
613
87.2.1 Shaving
613
87.2.2 “CROSS” (Chemical Recontruction of Skin Scars) Technique, Modified
613
87.2.3 Electrodissection for Papular Scars
614
87.2.4 Vaporization with Radiofrequency
614
87.3 Clinical Follow-Up
614
87.4 Before and After (Figs. 87.11, 87.12, 87.13, 87.14, and 87.15)
615
87.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
615
References
616
88: Acne Scars: 5-Fluorouracil (MMP® Technique)
617
88.1 Materials
617
88.2 Methods and Techniques [1-10]
617
88.3 Clinical Follow-Up [1-10]
619
88.4 Before and After (Figs. 88.7, 88.8, 88.9, and 88.10)
619
88.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1-10]
620
References
622
89: Acne Scars: Bleomycin Plus Triamcinolone Injection (MMP® Technique)
623
89.1 Materials
623
89.2 Methods and Techniques
624
89.3 Clinical Follow-Up
625
89.4 Before and After (Figs. 89.6, 89.7, 89.8, 89.9, and 89.10)
625
89.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
628
References
628
90: Acne Scar: CROSS (Chemical Reconstruction of Skin Scar)
629
90.1 Materials
629
90.1.1 Brushes
629
90.1.2 Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA)
629
90.2 Methods and Techniques
630
90.2.1 Global Assessment Before the Procedure
630
90.2.2 Discuss with the Patient
630
90.2.3 The Day of the Procedure
631
90.2.4 Description of the Procedure
631
90.2.5 Immediately After and up to 24 h After the Procedure
631
90.3 Clinical Follow-Up
634
90.4 Before and After (Figs. 90.6, 90.7, 90.8, and 90.9)
634
90.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
636
90.5.1 Side Effects
636
90.5.2 Complications
636
References
638
91: Acne Scar: Dermal Graft
639
91.1 Materials
639
91.2 Methods and Techniques [1–7]
639
91.2.1 Donor area
639
91.2.2 Receptor area
641
91.3 Clinical Follow-Up [1–7]
641
91.4 Before and After (Figs. 91.8, 91.9, and 91.10)
643
91.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–7]
644
References
645
92: Acne Scars: Dermabrasion
646
92.1 Materials (Fig. 92.1)
646
92.2 Methods and Techniques
646
92.3 Clinical Follow-Up
648
92.4 Before and After (Figs. 92.7, 92.8, 92.9, and 92.10)
648
92.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
649
References
650
93: Acne Scar: Hyaluronic Acid Filler
651
93.1 Materials
651
93.2 Methods and Techniques
652
93.2.1 Identifying the Correct Acne Scar Type
652
93.2.2 Treatment
652
93.2.3 Injection Technique
653
93.3 Clinical Follow-Up
653
93.4 Before and After (Figs. 93.5 and 93.6)
654
93.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
654
References
654
94: Acne Scar: Microneedling
655
94.1 Materials
655
94.2 Methods and Techniques
655
94.3 Clinical Follow-Up
657
94.4 Before and After (Figs. 94.3 and 94.4a–d)
658
94.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
659
References
659
95: Acne Scar: Punch Elevation
661
95.1 Materials
661
95.2 Methods and Technique
662
95.3 Clinical Follow-Up
663
95.4 Before and After (Figs. 95.9, 95.10, 95.11, and 95.12)
664
95.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
665
References
666
96: Acne Scars: Subcision
667
96.1 Material and Methods
667
96.2 Methods and Techniques
667
96.3 Clinical Follow-Up
668
96.4 Before and After (Figs. 96.3 and 96.4)
669
96.5 Side Effects, Complications and Their Management
670
References
670
97: Aspiration Curettage for Axillary Hyperhidrosis
671
97.1 Materials (Figs. 97.1 and 97.2)
671
97.2 Methods and Technique
672
97.3 Clinical Follow-Up
673
97.4 Before and After
673
97.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
674
References
676
98: Autologous Fat Grafting
677
98.1 Materials
677
98.2 Methods and Techniques
677
98.3 Clinical Follow-Up
679
98.4 Before and After (Figs. 98.6, 98.7, 98.8, and 98.9)
680
98.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Management
681
References
682
99: Autologous Fibroblasts Injections in Face
683
99.1 Materials
683
99.2 Methods and Techniques
683
99.2.1 Indications
683
99.3 Clinical Follow-Up
685
99.4 Before and After (Figs. 99.4, 99.5, 99.6, 99.7, 99.8, and 99.9)
685
99.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
687
References
688
100: Cellulite: Subcision
689
100.1 Materials (Fig. 100.1)
689
100.2 Methods and Techniques
690
100.2.1 Preop Evaluation
690
100.2.2 Procedure
690
100.2.3 Postop Care
691
100.3 Clinical Follow-Up
692
100.4 Before and After (Figs. 100.7, 100.8, 100.9, and 100.10)
692
100.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
693
References
695
101: Chemical Lipolysis of the Infraorbital Fat Pads
696
101.1 Material
696
101.2 Methods and Techniques
696
101.3 Clinical Follow-Up
696
101.4 Before and After (Figs. 101.1, 101.2, and 101.3)
696
101.5 Side Effects, Complications, and their Management
697
References
698
102: Electro-blepharoplasty
699
102.1 Materials
699
102.2 Methods and Techniques
699
102.3 Clinical Follow-Up
700
102.4 Before and After (Figs. 102.5 and 102.6)
701
102.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
702
References
702
103: Submental Liposuction
703
103.1 Materials
703
103.2 Methods and Techniques
704
103.3 Clinical Follow-Up
705
103.4 Before and After (Figs. 103.10 and 103.11)
706
103.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
707
References
708
104: Stretch Marks: Microdermabrasion and Superficial Localized Dermabrasion
709
104.1 Materials (Figs. 104.1 and 104.2)
709
104.1.1 Microdermabrasion
709
104.1.2 Superficial Localized Dermabrasion
710
104.2 Methods and Techniques
710
104.2.1 Microdermabrasion
710
104.2.2 Superficial Localized Dermabrasion
710
104.3 Clinical Follow-Up
711
104.3.1 Microdermabrasion
711
104.3.2 Superficial Localized Dermabrasion
712
104.4 Before and After: Four Illustrations (Figs. 104.11, 104.12, 104.14, 104.16, and 104.18)
712
104.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
714
104.5.1 Microdermabrasion
714
104.5.2 Superficial Localized Dermabrasion
715
References
716
105: Strech Marks: Transdermal Divulsion
717
105.1 Materials (Fig. 105.1)
717
105.2 Methods and Techniques
718
105.3 Clinical Follow-Up
718
105.4 Before and After (Fig. 105.2)
718
105.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1]
719
Reference
720
106: Upper Blepharoplasty
721
106.1 Materials (Fig. 106.1)
721
106.2 Methods and Techniques
721
106.3 Clinical Follow-Up
725
106.4 Before and After (Figs. 106.9, 106.10, and 106.11)
725
106.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
726
References
727
Part VII: Aesthetic Approach of Scalp
728
107: Introduction: Clinical Emergency During Aesthetic Procedures
729
107.1 The Emergency Plan
729
107.2 Dyspnea
731
107.3 Epilepsy and Seizure
732
107.4 Anaphylaxis
732
107.5 Syncope
733
107.6 Hypoglycemia
734
107.7 Hypertension
735
107.8 Chest Pain
736
107.9 Cardiac Arrhythmia
736
107.10 Management of Anticoagulation
737
107.10.1 Antiplatelet Therapy
737
107.10.2 Anticoagulants
738
107.11 Pacemakers and Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators
739
References
740
108: Pearl Chapter: Methods and Tips for a Better Scar Quality
742
108.1 The Stages of Wound Healing
742
108.2 Preoperative Planning
742
108.2.1 Controlling Systemic Diseases
743
108.2.2 Medications
743
108.2.3 Smoking
744
108.2.4 Cancer
744
108.2.5 Nutrition
744
108.3 Operative Planning [7]
744
108.3.1 Incising
744
108.3.2 Excising
744
108.3.3 Undermining
745
108.3.4 Placing Buried Sutures
745
108.3.5 Placing Superficial Sutures
746
108.3.6 Hematomas
746
108.3.7 Antibiotics
746
108.4 Postoperative Care
747
108.5 Conclusion
747
References
747
109: Tip Chapter: Low-Level Light Therapy and High-Energy Lasers in Trichology
749
109.1 Mechanism of Action and Outcomes
749
109.2 High-Power Laser Therapy
750
109.3 Differences Between Laser and LED
751
References
751
110: Low-Level Light Therapy (LLLT) in Alopecia
752
110.1 Materials
752
110.2 Methods and Techniques [1–12]
752
110.3 Clinical Follow-Up [1–12]
752
110.4 Before and After (Figs. 110.1, 110.2, and 110.3)
753
110.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–12]
754
References
754
111: Scalp Mesotherapy
755
111.1 Materials
755
111.2 Methods and Techniques
755
111.3 Clinical Follow-Up
755
111.4 Before and After (Figs. 111.3, 111.4, and 111.5)
757
111.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Management
758
References
759
112: Microneedling of the Scalp
760
112.1 Materials
760
112.2 Methods and Techniques
761
112.3 Clinical Follow-Up
761
112.4 Before and After (Fig. 112.6)
761
112.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
762
References
762
113: Tricopigmentation of the Scalp
763
113.1 Materials
763
113.2 Methods and Techniques
763
113.3 Clinical Follow-Up
765
113.4 Before and After (Figs. 113.7 and 113.8)
765
113.5 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
766
References
767
Correction to: Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Procedures
768
Index
769
Shop
Kopierschutz
= Kopierschutzfrei
= Wasserzeichen
= DRM Kopierschutz
