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Unschooling - Exploring Learning Beyond the Classroom
Gina Riley
Verlag Palgrave Macmillan, 2020
ISBN 9783030492922 , 170 Seiten
Format PDF, OL
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Acknowledgments
7
Contents
9
1 Introduction
13
References
18
2 Historical Overview of Unschooling
19
Hunter-Gatherers
20
Jean Jacques Rousseau
21
John Dewey
22
A. S. Neill
23
Ivan Illich
23
John Holt
25
John Taylor Gatto
27
Peter Gray
28
References
29
3 Theoretical Perspectives
33
Self-Determination and Intrinsic Motivation
33
Self-Determination and Cognitive Evaluation Theory
34
Competence
34
Autonomy
35
Relatedness
36
Attachment Theory
38
The Myth of Attachment
39
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
40
Unschooling and Cultural Transmission
44
Unschooling and the Importance of Theoretical Perspective
45
References
46
4 Exploring the Growth of Homeschooling and Unschooling
49
Population
49
Regulation
50
Demographics
50
Gender and Education Distribution
52
Motivations for Homeschooling and Unschooling
53
Homeschooling, Unschooling, and Those Who Identify as LGBTQ
55
Other Notable Population Increases
56
Mash Ups: Homeschooling, Unschooling, and School
56
Homeschoolers, Unschoolers, and Life Success
57
Unschooling Data and Research
58
References
60
5 The Spectrum of Unschooling
63
Relaxed Homeschooling
65
Unschooling
67
Radical Unschooling
68
Developing an Acceptance of Unschooling
70
Mainstream Criticisms of Unschooling
72
References
74
6 Paths to Unschooling
77
Previous School Experience
77
Deschooling
79
Unschooling After a Period of Homeschooling
80
Parent’s Own Previous Experience with Formal Schooling
82
Unschooling and Natural Family Living
82
Books Influencing Unschooling
84
Conferences and Speakers
86
Other Unschooling Families
87
References
88
7 Subject-Based Learning in Unschooling
91
Learning to Read
91
Overall Experience with Books
93
How Unschoolers Learned to Read
93
Age of Reading
95
Motivation to Read
96
Reading and Its Connection to Writing
96
Major Findings of the Unschooling and Reading Study
97
Second Language Learning
98
How Unschoolers Learn Math
100
History and Science Learning in Unschoolers
101
Unschoolers and Science
102
Gaps in Learning
102
References
105
8 The Challenges and Benefits of Unschooling
107
Social Pressure, Criticism, and Unschooling
107
Deschooling the Parents
108
Time, Career, and Income Effects
110
Finding Friends
112
Legal Issues
113
The Benefits of Unschooling
114
Increased Student Learning
115
Social-Emotional Benefits
116
Family Relationships
117
Family and Individual Freedom of Schedule
118
References
120
9 Grown Unschooling Outcomes
123
Unschooled Adult’s Perceptions of Socialization
124
The Advantages of Unschooling According to Grown Unschoolers
126
The Disadvantages of Unschooling According to Grown Unschoolers
127
Would Unschooled Adults Unschool Their Own Children?
129
Grown Unschoolers and Higher Education
130
Getting into College
130
Grown Unschoolers’ Employment and Career Choices
133
Careers Based on Childhood and Teen Interests
134
One Adult Unschooler’s Story
134
References
139
10 Branches of Unschooling
141
Worldschooling
141
Forest or Outdoor Schooling
144
Hackschooling
146
Unschooling Cooperatives and Self-Directed Learning Centers
147
References
149
11 Unschooling Growth and Next Steps
151
Assessment and the Opt Out Movement
151
Rethinking Learning
152
Monument Mountain Regional High School and the Independent Project
152
One Period a Day
154
High Tech High School
155
Democratic or Sudbury Schooling
156
Focus on Social-Emotional Learning
157
The Future of Schools
158
References
160
Index
162
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