Globalization and its Potentials and Challenges for National Innovation Systems. A Technology Policy Perspective

Essay from the year 2022 in the subject Politics - Topic: Globalization, Political Economics, grade: 1.7, Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences, language: English, abstract: Globalization enables goods, services, and cultural and social influences to be gradually similar across the world. This could have both positive and negative consequences, such as the increased knowledge spillovers between countries or the outflow of natural resources from less developed countries to more developed countries at low prices. Technology plays a crucial role in globalization because it fosters competitive advantage and economic growth. This motivates governments to enact technology policies to supports research and development (R&D) activities as well as innovation activities, e.g. by allowing firms to form joint research ventures without the threat of antitrust enforcement, by granting an individual or firm a limited right to exclude others from using its ideas (i.e. in form of a patent on its invention) or encouraging private R&D spending via tax credits and/or subsidizing R&D projects. National innovation systems (NIS) are constructed to achieve this goal. Some globalization-related potentials or challenges for NIS include tax policies, migration, and intellectual property rights (IPR).