The Power of Shareholder Activism. A Force for Change in Corporate Governance?

Master's Thesis from the year 2024 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1.0, University of Rome 'La Sapienza' (Economics), language: English, abstract: This master thesis endeavors to scrutinize the efficacy of shareholder activism as a governance mechanism. Drawing upon existing research, it seeks to unravel the intricacies of this phenomenon, spanning its definitions, historical evolution, and diverse manifestations. The thesis will delve into the challenges posed by active shareholders, including the free rider problem, agency conflicts, and the contentious realm of proxy fights. Additionally, it will conduct a comprehensive exploration of the motivations driving shareholder activism, encompassing economic incentives, moral imperatives, and the burgeoning influence of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) considerations. Real-world case studies, such as the Shell vs. ClientEarth dispute, will be dissected to illuminate the practical implications of shareholder activism. Furthermore, the dynamics of investor relations, the tactics deployed by activist shareholders, and their tangible impact on corporate governance will be rigorously examined. In conclusion, this thesis endeavors to offer illuminating insights into the intricate interplay of power, responsibility, and influence within modern corporate governance. As companies navigate the evolving nexus of profit-making and social responsibility, understanding the role and impact of active shareholders assumes paramount importance. Through rigorous analysis and nuanced interpretation, this thesis aims to contribute to a deeper comprehension of the multifaceted phenomenon of shareholder activism.