Scale Formation in Heat Exchangers

This book brings together a wide range of current research to create a holistic understanding of fouling. It draws upon practical and laboratory experiences spanning many years. While offering an overview of various fouling types, the book's emphasis is on crystallization fouling, a facet seldom addressed in the existing literature. Furthermore, this book goes beyond theory by providing practical examples for heat exchanger design, incorporating the pivotal consideration of fouling's impact. It focuses especially on calcium salts such as calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate.
Fouling formation represents a ubiquitous challenge across diverse industrial sectors, spanning oil, gas, petrochemicals, food, pharmaceuticals, and power generation. This encroaching fouling, prevalent within heating equipment, not only jeopardizes the integrity of machinery but also significantly saps energy resources. Consequently, extensive research efforts have been undertaken to comprehensively explore fouling formation through both experimental and theoretical avenues across various heating apparatuses.
The book's mission is to facilitate a broader comprehension of crystallization fouling research, revealing the various factors influencing this form of fouling. Additionally, it critiques prior research endeavors, identifying their strengths and weaknesses while pinpointing potential avenues for future investigation



Mohammad Varnaseri, born in 1986, received his MSc in chemical engineering from Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr branch, Iran, in 2010. He is currently a Ph.D. student in chemical engineering at Amirkabir University of Technology (Mahshahr campus). Participating in scientific, research, simulation and industrial projects is one of his other activities, and the results of these researches have been published in Iranian and international books and journals. He has been working in Karun petrochemical research and development unit since 2013. 
S.M. Peyghambarzadeh obtained his PhD in chemical engineering from the University of Tehran, Iran, in 2012. He is currently an associate professor at Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr branch, Iran. His research focuses on experimental heat transfer, particularly forced convection and boiling. Over the past 15 years, he has also contributed to studies on heat transfer in particulate liquids, including research on heat exchanger fouling and nanofluids for heat transfer enhancement.
S.M. Peyghambarzadeh has an extensive publication record with more than 100 journal papers showcasing his research results. He has actively participated in numerous research projects funded by industrial communities in Iran. Recognized for his contributions, he is distinguished as one of the top 1% of scientists globally according to Essential Science Indicators (ESI). Moreover, he has been consistently acknowledged as a top 2% highly cited researcher by Clarivate™ in 2020, 2021, and 2022.